News from the Institute for International Trade

Framing Critical Minerals: Hybridising Economic, Environmental, and Security Objectives in EU Trade Discourse

WORKING PAPER 23:
Critical minerals now sit at the centre of EU trade discourse, where global sustainability goals, competitiveness, and supply-chain vulnerabilities intersect. The paper applies discursive institutionalism and introduces “framing hybridisation” to explain how the EU’s narrative evolved through external shocks, agency shifts, and stakeholder engagement. Using co-occurrence analysis and time-series mapping of DG Trade communications (1989–2025), it identifies a three-phase trajectory: an initial economic frame (liberalisation/competitiveness), a subsequent environmental frame (mining practices and the green transition), and, most recently, a security frame (reducing strategic dependencies and strengthening supply-chain resilience). Since 2020, these frames increasingly appear together, signalling a broader shift in EU trade policy under conditions of global uncertainty.

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