News: Policy Brief
Indonesia’s Trade Policy Regime amidst Global Challenges
POLICY BRIEF No. 28 – Dr Harry Wardana is an Economist at the Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide. Indonesia's trade policy is currently shaped by a fragmented global trade environment marked by geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions. As an emerging economy in ASEAN, Indonesia faces significant challenges, particularly in managing the impacts of global inflation, commodity price volatility, and interest rate hikes. Despite these challenges, Indonesia has maintained steady economic growth, driven by strong fiscal and monetary policy coordination, robust domestic demand, and a positive current account balance. Looking forward, the new government led by Prabowo Subianto must navigate these global risks and chart a strategic path that fosters economic resilience and sustainable growth while maintaining Indonesia's neutral stance in regional geopolitical dynamics.
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Due Diligence Legislation and Policies: Australia’s TransparencyBased Approach to Addressing Risks of Modern Slavery in Supply Chains
POLICY BRIEF No.27 - Dr Legesse Mengie is a sessional lecturer and researcher at the University of Adelaide and University of South Australia. Australia’s Modern Slavery Act, enacted in 2018, represents a transparency-based approach to combating modern slavery in supply chains. Unlike its counterparts in Europe and North America, the Act lacks penalties for non-compliance and imposes no specific positive due diligence obligations beyond reporting requirements. However, recent studies and the government’s statutory review highlight significant compliance challenges, suggesting that substantial reforms to the current due diligence system are imminent. These reforms are critical for aligning Australia's legislation with international best practices while balancing the need to protect human rights and sustain corporate competitiveness
International Trade and Sustainable Development: The Future of Climate and Biodiversity Governance
POLICY BRIEF No.26 - Dr. Tracey Dodd, Prof. Johanna Kujala, Dr. Riikka Tapaninaho, Dr. Annika Blomberg, Dr. Anna Hannula, Heta Leinonen, and Filippe Delarissa Barros. History shows that existing approaches to international treaties, like the Paris Agreement, have not yet delivered adequate action to avoid catastrophic climate change by the turn of the century. A new approach to climate and biodiversity governance is therefore needed. Specifically, one that can consider tensions brewing across the principles of national interests and trade liberalism, and the critical issue of sustainable development that can ensure global economic stability and continued productive trade between nations.
Policy Brief 25: Reforming Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries in the WTO
Policy Brief 25: Aniekan Ukpe (Lex Mercatoria Solicitors, Abuja). Aniekan Ukpe is a partner at Lex Mercatoria Solicitors. Clara Weinhardt (Maastricht University). Clara Weinhardt is Assistant Professor in International Relations at Maastricht University.
Traditionally, SDT is envisioned to help developing countries to develop their economies through exports, and to enable them to pursue policy options they consider appropriate for their development. Relying on voluntary graduation and political pressure, however, is less likely to work whenever WTO members seek to renegotiate existing developing country flexibilities.
Food, agriculture, and climate at COP28 – and beyond
Policy Brief 24: Anthony Cox - Senior Policy Advisor at Ecologic Institute. Ken Ash - Visiting Fellow at the Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide & Director of Ash Global Insights. COP28 will see a welcome focus on food systems and agriculture with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Presidency pressing governments to commit to integrating food and agriculture more effectively into their national climate agendas. Our latest policy brief by Anthony Cox and Ken Ash highlights priority areas for the assembling governments to move from political declarations to concrete action.
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Australia’s New International Development Directions and Implications for Trade in the Pacific
Jim Redden, is an External Trade and Development Advisor to DFAT, Director, Economic Development Services Ltd, and IIT Visiting Fellow. Recently Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong unveiled the government’s updated international development programme. In this Brief Visiting Fellow Jim Redden charts its contours, with focus on its Aid for Trade dimension in relation to the Pacific. This is particularly relevant to members of the Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (Plus), which recently came into force and is starting to demonstrate substantial positive impacts. These countries stand to benefit from the variety of trade-related assistance now available under the new development programme.
Whither (not Wither) Multilateralism: Priorities for G7 Trade Ministers
Ken Ash, Visiting Fellow, Institute for International Trade and formerly Director of Trade and Agriculture at the OECD. Is the high point in multilateral trade relations already 30 years in the past? Are notions of international cooperation and mutual benefit relics of an earlier time? Hopefully not, there is still much more to play for. Amidst the visible geopolitical tensions, and what often looks like a blurring of trade, economic, climate, and security interests, there are some encouraging signs recently. This brief considers prior developments that helped shape the nature of the trade policy debate today, offers an admittedly optimistic assessment of a renewed interest by G7 members in international cooperation, and highlights immediate priorities for action by G7 Trade Ministers
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Carbon Tax Creep Beyond Industrial Goods: Challenges and Risks for Extending Coverage to Agriculture
Tim Ryan is completing a Masters in International Trade and Development at the University of Adelaide, and is Manager of Global Trade Development at Meat & Livestock Australia.
Governments around the world are implementing emissions reduction policies to mitigate the impact of global warming, however the application of climate policies will occur at different speeds and depth due to varying levels of development and degrees of ambition. There are inherent dangers from unilateral expansion of carbon tax regimes, not least protectionism, hence this brief argue for a cautious and multilateral approach to carbon taxation.
The Political Economy of Due Diligence Legislation
POLICY BRIEF 21: Prof Peter Draper The Institute for International Trade, The University of Adelaide. Prof Andreas Freytag, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena. Naoise McDonagh, Edith Cowan University. Prof Matthias Menter, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena. Western democracy increasingly values human and social rights, civil liberties, and sustainability issues. This is materialising into legalisation, obliging domestic businesses to both comply and enforce these values along supply chains. However, this legalisation has its controversies regarding compliance costs, impacts on foreign relationships, and effectiveness, inter alia. Due diligence legislation is inherently complex. This policy brief develops a conceptual overview of the political economy challenges when designing these laws and evaluates how Western countries could enforce values-based trade along international supply chains.
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Geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation: a trade policy response
POLICY BRIEF 20: Carlos A. Primo Braga is an Adjunct Professor, Fundação Dom Cabral, Brazil; Visiting Professor at IMD, Switzerland and at El Colegio de México.
Douglas Lippoldt is a non-resident Senior Fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI, Canada). At a time when effective global co-ordination and action are desperately required, developments on the ground present several challenges. The shock from the COVID-19 pandemic elicited protectionist sentiment in some areas and continues to weigh on the global economy, despite the heroic response by the medical community. The war in Ukraine is tremendously costly to the adversaries. It has also proven very costly to third parties, especially those dependent on food and energy supply from the region.
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